DateInterval::__construct

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

DateInterval::__construct — Creates a new DateInterval object

说明

public DateInterval::__construct ( string $duration )

Creates a new DateInterval object.

参数

duration

An interval specification.

The format starts with the letter P, for period. Each duration period is represented by an integer value followed by a period designator. If the duration contains time elements, that portion of the specification is preceded by the letter T.

duration Period Designators
Period Designator Description
Y years
M months
D days
W weeks. Converted into days. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, can not be combined with D.
H hours
M minutes
S seconds

Here are some simple examples. Two days is P2D. Two seconds is PT2S. Six years and five minutes is P6YT5M.

Note:

The unit types must be entered from the largest scale unit on the left to the smallest scale unit on the right. So years before months, months before days, days before minutes, etc. Thus one year and four days must be represented as P1Y4D, not P4D1Y.

The specification can also be represented as a date time. A sample of one year and four days would be P0001-00-04T00:00:00. But the values in this format can not exceed a given period's roll-over-point (e.g. 25 hours is invalid).

These formats are based on the » ISO 8601 duration specification.

错误／异常

Throws an Exception when the duration cannot be parsed as an interval.

更新日志

版本 说明
8.0.0 W can be combined with D.

范例

Example #1 DateInterval example

<?php

$interval = new DateInterval('P1W2D');
var_dump($interval);

?>

以上例程在 PHP 8 中的输出：

object(DateInterval)#1 (16) {
  ["y"]=>
  int(0)
  ["m"]=>
  int(0)
  ["d"]=>
  int(9)
  ["h"]=>
  int(0)
  ["i"]=>
  int(0)
  ["s"]=>
  int(0)
  ["f"]=>
  float(0)
  ["weekday"]=>
  int(0)
  ["weekday_behavior"]=>
  int(0)
  ["first_last_day_of"]=>
  int(0)
  ["invert"]=>
  int(0)
  ["days"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["special_type"]=>
  int(0)
  ["special_amount"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_weekday_relative"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_special_relative"]=>
  int(0)
}

以上例程在 PHP 7 中的输出：

object(DateInterval)#1 (16) {
  ["y"]=>
  int(0)
  ["m"]=>
  int(0)
  ["d"]=>
  int(2)
  ["h"]=>
  int(0)
  ["i"]=>
  int(0)
  ["s"]=>
  int(0)
  ["f"]=>
  float(0)
  ["weekday"]=>
  int(0)
  ["weekday_behavior"]=>
  int(0)
  ["first_last_day_of"]=>
  int(0)
  ["invert"]=>
  int(0)
  ["days"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["special_type"]=>
  int(0)
  ["special_amount"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_weekday_relative"]=>
  int(0)
  ["have_special_relative"]=>
  int(0)
}

参见

User Contributed Notes

Anonymous 29-Mar-2021 09:07
Note that to add time you must enter P even though the period is empty.

To add 1 hour :

<?php

$plusOneHour = (new DateTime('now'))->add(new DateInterval("PT1H"));

var_dump($plusOneHour);

?>
grzeniufication 05-Apr-2020 10:51
If you'd like to persist an interval object in a DB it could be handy to implement the __toString() method. A formatted interval value can be easier to read by a human than the output of serialize. Here's an example:

<?php

namespace App;

class DateInterval extends \DateInterval
{
    public function __toString()
    {
        return $this->format('P%yY%mM%dDT%hH%iM%sS');
    }
}

$interval1 = new DateInterval('P1Y');
$interval2 = new DateInterval(strval($interval1));
assert($interval1 == $interval2);
sloanlance+php.net gmail com 05-Dec-2017 10:55
?? It's important to remember the warning about DateInterval given by "admin at torntech dot com" in an earlier comment (http://php.net/manual/en/dateinterval.construct.php#116750).  To reiterate:

Some versions of PHP (e.g., 5.6.31) have a bug that disallows fractional parts in a ISO 8601 duration string given as the argument for the DateInterval constructor.  That is, these examples will fail:

<?php
// 'P0.5Y' is valid according to ISO 8601
$interval = new DateInterval('P0.5Y');  // Throws exception
?>

<?php
// 'PT585.829S' is valid according to ISO 8601
$interval = new DateInterval('PT585.829S');  // Throws exception
?>

If this bug affects you, please go to the report for this bug in the PHP Bug Tracking System, and place a vote stating that it affects you:  https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=53831
Hernanibus 22-Sep-2017 08:03
It is not stated, but you cannot create directly a negative interval, this is you cannot create a "-2 days" interval as:

<?
$interval = new DateInterval("P-2D");//or
$interval = new DateInterval("-P2D");
?>

Instead you have to create first the interval and then set its 'invert' property to 1, this is:

<?
$interval = new DateInterval("P2D");
$interval->invert = 1;
?>

Then you should keep in mind that this interval acts as a negative number, hence to subtract the interval from a given date you must 'add' it:

<?
$interval = new DateInterval("P2D");
$interval->invert = 1;
$date       = new DateTime ("1978-01-23 17:46:00");
$date->add($interval)->format("Y-m-d H:i:s");//this is "1978-01-21 17:46:00"
?>
Ray.Paseur sometimes uses Gmail 28-Apr-2016 04:47
To recover the interval specification string:

<?php
function get_interval_spec(DateTime $alpha, DateTime $omega)
{
    $intvl = $alpha->diff($omega);

    $date = NULL;
    if ($intvl->y) $date .= $intvl->y . 'Y';
    if ($intvl->m) $date .= $intvl->m . 'M';
    if ($intvl->d) $date .= $intvl->d . 'D';

    $time = NULL;
    if ($intvl->h) $time .= $intvl->h . 'H';
    if ($intvl->i) $time .= $intvl->i . 'M';
    if ($intvl->s) $time .= $intvl->s . 'S';
    if ($time) $time = 'T' . $time;

    $text ='P' . $date . $time;
    if ($text == 'P') return 'PT0S';
    return $text;
}
lsloan-php dot net at umich dot edu 10-Mar-2016 10:05
Although PHP refers to periods of time as "intervals", ISO 8601 refers to them as "durations".  In ISO 8601, "intervals" are something else.

While ISO 8601 allows fractions for all parts of a duration (e.g., "P0.5Y"), DateInterval does not.  Use caution when calculating durations.  If the duration has a fractional part, it may be lost when storing it in a DateInterval object.
userexamplecom at mailinator dot com 05-Feb-2016 01:49
Take care, if you have a DateTime Object on the 31h of January and add Da DateInterval of one Month, then you are in March instead of February.

For Example:
---
// given the actual date is 2017-01-31
$today = new DateTime('now', $timeZoneObject);
$today->add(new DateInterval('P1M'));
echo $today->format('m');
// output: 03
---
admin at torntech dot com 22-Feb-2015 09:22
Warning - despite the $interval_spec accepting the ISO 8601 specification format, it does not accept decimal fraction values with period or comma as stated in the specification.

https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=53831

<?php
/* Example from ISO 8601 documentation */
$interval = new DateInterval('P0.5Y');
?>

Will result in
Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'DateInterval::__construct(): Unknown or bad format (P0.5Y)'
bkilinc at deyta dot net 20-Dec-2013 03:28
interval_spec Period Designators, has two 'M's for months and minutes.
owen at beliefs.com 11-Jul-2013 03:20
M is used to indicate both months and minutes.

As noted on the referenced wikipedia page for ISO 6801 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso8601#Durations

To resolve ambiguity, "P1M" is a one-month duration and "PT1M" is a one-minute duration (note the time designator, T, that precedes the time value).

Using: PHP 5.3.2-1ubuntu4.19

// For 3 Months
$dateTime = new DateTime;echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
$dateTime->add(new DateInterval("P3M"));
echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
Results in:
2013-07-11T11:12:26-0400
2013-10-11T11:12:26-0400

// For 3 Minutes
$dateTime = new DateTime;echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
$dateTime->add(new DateInterval("PT3M"));
echo $dateTime->format( DateTime::ISO8601 ), PHP_EOL;
Results in:
2013-07-11T11:12:42-0400
2013-07-11T11:15:42-0400

Insert a T after the P in the interval to add 3 minutes instead of 3 months.
buvinghausen at gmail dot com 09-Apr-2012 06:50
I think it is easiest if you would just use the sub method on the DateTime class.

<?php
$date = new DateTime();
$date->sub(new DateInterval("P89D"));
daniellehr at gmx dot de 21-Mar-2012 01:06
Alternatively you can use DateInterval::createFromDateString() for negative intervals:

<?php
$date = new DateTime();
$date->add(DateInterval::createFromDateString('-89 days'));
jawzx01 at gmail dot com 21-Feb-2012 10:43
As previously mentioned, to do a negative DateInterval object, you'd code:

<?php
$date1 = new DateTime();
$eightynine_days_ago = new DateInterval( "P89D" );
$eightynine_days_ago->invert = 1; //Make it negative.
$date1->add( $eightynine_days_ago );
?>

and then $date1 is now 89 days in the past.
kevinpeno at gmail dot com 17-Mar-2011 11:47
Note that, while a DateInterval object has an $invert property, you cannot supply a negative directly to the constructor similar to specifying a negative in XSD ("-P1Y"). You will get an exception through if you do this.

Instead you need to construct using a positive interval ("P1Y") and the specify the $invert property === 1.
kuzb 04-Feb-2011 04:42
It should be noted that this class will not calculate days/hours/minutes/seconds etc given a value in a single denomination of time.  For example:

<?php
    $di = new DateInterval('PT3600S');
    echo $di->format('%H:%i:%s');
   
?>

will yield 0:0:3600 instead of the expected 1:0:0
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