similar_text

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

similar_text — 计算两个字符串的相似度

说明

similar_text ( string $first , string $second , float &$percent = ? ) : int

两个字符串的相似程度计算依据 Programming Classics: Implementing the World's Best Algorithms by Oliver (ISBN 0-131-00413-1) 的描述进行。注意该实现没有使用 Oliver 虚拟码中的堆栈，但是却进行了递归调用，这个做法可能会导致整个过程变慢或变快。也请注意，该算法的复杂度是 O(N**3)，N 是最长字符串的长度。

参数

first

第一个字符串。

second

第二个字符串。

percent

通过引用方式传递第三个参数，similar_text() 将计算相似程度百分数。

返回值

返回在两个字符串中匹配字符的数目。

参见

  • levenshtein() - 计算两个字符串之间的编辑距离
  • soundex() - Calculate the soundex key of a string

User Contributed Notes

pablo dot pazos at cabolabs dot com 29-Jan-2021 03:37
To calculate the percentage of similarity between two strings without depending on the order of the parameters and be case insensitive, I use this function based on levenshtein's distance:

<?php

  // string similarity calculated using levenshtein
  static function similarity($a, $b)
  {
    return 1 - (levenshtein(strtoupper($a), strtoupper($b)) / max(strlen($a), strlen($b)));
  }

?>

This will always return a number between 0 and 1, representing the percentage, for instance 0.8 represents 80% similar strings.

If you want this to be case-sensitive, just remove the strtoupper() functions.
Anonymous 21-May-2020 02:37
$result = similar_text ('ab', 'a', $percent);

> $percent: 66.666666666666671
vasyl at vasyltech dot com 08-Feb-2016 02:15
Recursive algorithm usually is very elegant one. I found a way to get better precision without the recursion. Imagine two different (or same) length ribbons with letters on each. You simply shifting one ribbon to left till it matches the letter the first.

<?php

function similarity($str1, $str2) {
    $len1 = strlen($str1);
    $len2 = strlen($str2);
   
    $max = max($len1, $len2);
    $similarity = $i = $j = 0;
   
    while (($i < $len1) && isset($str2[$j])) {
        if ($str1[$i] == $str2[$j]) {
            $similarity++;
            $i++;
            $j++;
        } elseif ($len1 < $len2) {
            $len1++;
            $j++;
        } elseif ($len1 > $len2) {
            $i++;
            $len1--;
        } else {
            $i++;
            $j++;
        }
    }

    return round($similarity / $max, 2);
}

$str1 = '12345678901234567890';
$str2 = '12345678991234567890';

echo 'Similarity: ' . (similarity($str1, $str2) * 100) . '%';
?>
donotspamme at mailinator dot com 04-Mar-2015 01:39
@I_HATE_SPAMMER- PAZ! (http://php.net/similar_text#115994)
Not only will your code fail the "turkey test" (google it), and for a matter most comments here that use strtoupper()/strtolower(), it also depends very much on the use-case; maybe I wanted the 75% ? I don't see the value of such comments; this is something everybody could've come op with. It's basic programming and turning requirements into algorithms.
I_HATE_SPAMMER- PAZ! 24-Oct-2014 09:59
Actually similar_text() is not bad...
it works good. But before processing i think is a good way to make a little mod like this

$var_1 = strtoupper("doggy");
$var_2 = strtoupper("Dog");

similar_text($var_1, $var_2, $percent);

echo $percent; // output is 75 but without strtoupper output is 50
ryan at derokorian dot com 04-Mar-2014 09:00
Note that this function is case sensitive:

<?php

$var1 = 'Hello';
$var2 = 'Hello';
$var3 = 'hello';

echo similar_text($var1, $var2);  // 5
echo similar_text($var1, $var3);  // 4
SPAM HATER 23-Jul-2012 06:16
Hey there,

Be aware when using this function, that the order of passing the strings is very important if you want to calculate the percentage of similarity, in fact, altering the variables will give a very different result, example :

<?php
$var_1 = 'PHP IS GREAT';
$var_2 = 'WITH MYSQL';

similar_text($var_1, $var_2, $percent);

echo $percent;
// 27.272727272727

similar_text($var_2, $var_1, $percent);

echo $percent;
// 18.181818181818
?>
daniel dot karbach at localhorst dot tv 17-Dec-2010 06:48
Please note that this function calculates a similarity of 0 (zero) for two empty strings.

<?php
similar_text("", "", $sim);
echo $sim; // "0"
?>
romain dot boyer at gmail dot com 08-Aug-2007 05:59
Like levenchtein(), You can do :

(strlen($string2) - similar_text($string,$string2))

to see how much characters have been changed.
Paul 18-Jan-2007 08:50
The speed issues for similar_text seem to be only an issue for long sections of text (>20000 chars).

I found a huge performance improvement in my application by just testing if the string to be tested was less than 20000 chars before calling similar_text.

20000+ took 3-5 secs to process, anything else (10000 and below) took a fraction of a second.
Fortunately for me, there was only a handful of instances with >20000 chars which I couldn't get a comparison % for.
julius at infoguiden dot no 06-Feb-2003 06:46
If you have reserved names in a database that you don't want others to use, i find this to work pretty good.
I added strtoupper to the variables to validate typing only. Taking case into consideration will decrease similarity.

<?php
$query = mysql_query("select * from $table") or die("Query failed");

while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($query)) {
      similar_text(strtoupper($_POST['name']), strtoupper($row['reserved']), $similarity_pst);
      if (number_format($similarity_pst, 0) > 90){
        $too_similar = $row['reserved'];
        print "The name you entered is too similar the reserved name &quot;".$row['reserved']."&quot;";
        break;
       }
    }
?>
georgesk at hotmail dot com 08-Mar-2002 08:14
Well, as mentioned above the speed is O(N^3), i've done a longest common subsequence way that is O(m.n) where m and n are the length of str1 and str2, the result is a percentage and it seems to be exactly the same as similar_text percentage but with better performance... here's the 3 functions i'm using..

<?php
function LCS_Length($s1, $s2)
{
  $m = strlen($s1);
  $n = strlen($s2);

  //this table will be used to compute the LCS-Length, only 128 chars per string are considered
  $LCS_Length_Table = array(array(128),array(128));
 
 
  //reset the 2 cols in the table
  for($i=1; $i < $m; $i++) $LCS_Length_Table[$i][0]=0;
  for($j=0; $j < $n; $j++) $LCS_Length_Table[0][$j]=0;

  for ($i=1; $i <= $m; $i++) {
    for ($j=1; $j <= $n; $j++) {
      if ($s1[$i-1]==$s2[$j-1])
        $LCS_Length_Table[$i][$j] = $LCS_Length_Table[$i-1][$j-1] + 1;
      else if ($LCS_Length_Table[$i-1][$j] >= $LCS_Length_Table[$i][$j-1])
        $LCS_Length_Table[$i][$j] = $LCS_Length_Table[$i-1][$j];
      else
        $LCS_Length_Table[$i][$j] = $LCS_Length_Table[$i][$j-1];
    }
  }
  return $LCS_Length_Table[$m][$n];
}

function str_lcsfix($s)
{
  $s = str_replace(" ","",$s);
  $s = ereg_replace("[????????]","e", $s);
  $s = ereg_replace("[????????????]","a", $s);
  $s = ereg_replace("[????????]","i", $s);
  $s = ereg_replace("[?????????]","o", $s);
  $s = ereg_replace("[????????]","u", $s);
  $s = ereg_replace("[?]","c", $s);
  return $s;
}
 
function get_lcs($s1, $s2)
{
  //ok, now replace all spaces with nothing
  $s1 = strtolower(str_lcsfix($s1));
  $s2 = strtolower(str_lcsfix($s2));
 
  $lcs = LCS_Length($s1,$s2); //longest common sub sequence

  $ms = (strlen($s1) + strlen($s2)) / 2;

  return (($lcs*100)/$ms);
}
?>

you can skip calling str_lcsfix if you don't worry about accentuated characters and things like that or you can add up to it or modify it for faster performance, i think ereg is not the fastest way?
hope this helps.
Georges
daniel at reflexionsdesign dot com 09-Oct-2001 06:30
If performance is an issue, you may wish to use the levenshtein() function instead, which has a considerably better complexity of O(str1 * str2).
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