Streams are
the way of generalizing file, network, data compression, and other
operations which share a common set of functions and uses. In
its simplest definition, a stream is a
resource object which exhibits streamable
behavior. That is, it can be read from or written to in a linear
fashion, and may be able to fseek() to an
arbitrary location within the stream.
A wrapper is additional code which tells the stream how to handle
specific protocols/encodings. For example, the http
wrapper knows how to translate a URL into an HTTP/1.0
request for a file on a remote server. There are many wrappers
built into PHP by default (See 支持的协议和封装协议),
and additional, custom wrappers may be added either within a
PHP script using stream_wrapper_register(),
or directly from an extension.
Because any variety of wrapper may be added to PHP,
there is no set limit on what can be done with them. To access the list
of currently registered wrappers, use stream_get_wrappers().
A stream is referenced as: scheme://target
scheme(string) -
The name of the wrapper to be used. Examples include: file,
http, https, ftp, ftps, compress.zlib, compress.bz2, and php. See
支持的协议和封装协议 for a list of PHP built-in wrappers. If
no wrapper is specified, the function default is used (typically
file://).
target -
Depends on the wrapper used. For filesystem related streams this is
typically a path and filename of the desired file. For network related
streams this is typically a hostname, often with a path appended. Again, see
支持的协议和封装协议 for a description of targets for built-in streams.